Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 18، number In Volume 5، August 2025 ، issue Number 111

Stylistics of the Ideological Layer of Iqbal Lahori's Poems in the Monthly Tolu-e-Islam

Yousef Heydarnejad , Khadija Alemi (Author in Charge), Noureddin Nemati

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the twentieth century, Muslims of the India used various methods to establish Islamic identity and form Pakistan. One of these methods was the reflection of Islamic belief and culture in numerous monthly magazines, including Tolu-e-Islam. This monthly magazine was founded in 1935, as indicated by Iqbal. His poems reflected in Tolu-e-Islam at the lexical level narrated a type of ideology that paved the way for the separation of Pakistan from India. Hence, the question arises: What role did the ideological layer of Iqbal Lahori"s poems play in the monthly Tolu-e-Islam.

METHODOLOGY: The article is written using the theoretical framework of layered stylistics. Layered stylistics is a method that analyzes poems and texts in five phonetic, lexical, syntactic, rhetorical, and ideological layers.

FINDINGS: The philosophy known as “Khudi” in Iqbal’s poems has three basic components. The philosophy of “Khudi” has three basic components. The first component is the duality of “Khudi – Bikhudi”. The Khudi expresses individual identity and Bikhudi indicates social identity. The second component, titled “Imam concept”, indicates the political categorization of Muslim society in the form of the theory Markaz Mellat and fact laid the groundwork for the formation of Pakistan. The third component is “the other” which has found meaning in the form of civilization and has formulated the confrontation between Islam and the West.

CONCLUSION: Using the ideological codes present in the lexical layer of the poems of Iqbal and his students (including Asad Multani), the activists of the monthly Tolu-e-Islam expanded and categorized the philosophy of “Khudi” to establish the social identity of Muslims in the India and lay the groundwork for the separation and formation of Pakistan. In this regard, the three ideological functions of “identity-building, otherness-building, and religious awareness-raising” can be observed in the lexical layer of Iqbal’s poems in the monthly Tolu-e-Islam.

Keyword
Stylistics , Ideological of Layer , lexical of Layer , Iqbal Lahori , Tolu-e-Islam Monthly

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